
While algorithms for estimating this transmittance exist, there is a lack of theoretical knowledge about their behaviour, which also prevent new theoretically sound algorithms from being developed. This paper could contribute to the joint effort of the medical and visualization communities to advance precision medicine.Įvaluating the transmittance between two points along a ray is a key component in solving the light transport through heterogeneous participating media and entails computing an intractable exponential of the integrated medium's extinction coefficient.

We summarize fundamental techniques and readily available visualization tools to help medical experts to better understand and utilize medical imaging data. Our review provides a quick reference to such techniques given the medical problem and modalities of associated medical images. Visualization techniques are a useful tool for medical experts to tackle specific medical problems in their daily work.
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This paper summarizes free software tools for different modalities of medical images designed for various purposes, including visualization, analysis, and segmentation, and it provides respective Internet links.

The state-of-the-art of medical visualization is reviewed based on a procedure-oriented classification of medical problems for studies of individuals and populations. Fundamental visualization techniques are revisited for various medical imaging modalities, from computational tomography to diffusion tensor imaging, featuring techniques that enhance spatial perception, which is critical for medical practices.

Our paper provides a review of 3D visualization techniques for medical images, intending to bridge the gap between medical experts and visualization researchers. However, medical experts are often not aware of the many advanced three-dimensional (3D) medical image visualization techniques that could increase their capabilities in data analysis and assist the decision-making process for specific medical problems. Medical images are essential for modern medicine and an important research subject in visualization.
